proofs
Provedvariational-cost-lawentropyfirst-principles

Blind sampling is optimal when nothing is known: if E[π_j²] is the same for every key, every proposal has cost ≥ n·E[Σπ²] and uniform attains it

For all J∈Type⁡\htmlData{mx=1}{J \in \htmlData{mx=0}{\operatorname{Type}}}, A,r:J→R\htmlData{mx=3}{A, r : \htmlData{mx=0}{J} \mathrel{\htmlData{mx=2}{\to}} \htmlData{mx=1}{\mathbb{R}}} and Abar∈R\htmlData{mx=1}{\mathit{Abar} \in \htmlData{mx=0}{\mathbb{R}}}, if ∀j, A(j)=Abar\htmlData{mx=5}{\forall j,\ \htmlData{mx=2}{\htmlData{mx=0}{A}(\htmlData{mx=1}{j})} \mathrel{\htmlData{mx=4}{=}} \htmlData{mx=3}{\mathit{Abar}}}, 0≤Abar0 \mathrel{\htmlData{mx=1}{\leq}} \htmlData{mx=0}{\mathit{Abar}}, ∀j, 0<r(j)\htmlData{mx=4}{\forall j,\ 0 \mathrel{\htmlData{mx=3}{<}} \htmlData{mx=2}{\htmlData{mx=0}{r}(\htmlData{mx=1}{j})}} and ∑jr(j)=1\htmlData{mx=3}{\sum_{j} \htmlData{mx=2}{\htmlData{mx=0}{r}(\htmlData{mx=1}{j})}} \mathrel{\htmlData{mx=4}{=}} 1 (given Fintype⁡ J\htmlData{mx=2}{\htmlData{mx=0}{\operatorname{Fintype}}\,\htmlData{mx=1}{J}} and Nonempty⁡ J\htmlData{mx=2}{\htmlData{mx=0}{\operatorname{Nonempty}}\,\htmlData{mx=1}{J}}), then

card⁡(J)⋅∑jA(j)≤∑jA(j)r(j)∧∑jA(j)1card⁡(J)=card⁡(J)⋅∑jA(j)\begin{aligned} & \htmlData{mx=9}{\htmlData{mx=4}{\htmlData{mx=3}{\htmlData{mx=1}{\operatorname{card}}(\htmlData{mx=2}{J})}} \cdot \htmlData{mx=8}{\sum_{j} \htmlData{mx=7}{\htmlData{mx=5}{A}(\htmlData{mx=6}{j})}}} \mathrel{\htmlData{mx=18}{\leq}} \htmlData{mx=17}{\sum_{j} \htmlData{mx=16}{\frac{\htmlData{mx=12}{\htmlData{mx=10}{A}(\htmlData{mx=11}{j})}}{\htmlData{mx=15}{\htmlData{mx=13}{r}(\htmlData{mx=14}{j})}}}} \\ & \htmlData{mx=0}{\land} \htmlData{mx=28}{\sum_{j} \htmlData{mx=27}{\frac{\htmlData{mx=21}{\htmlData{mx=19}{A}(\htmlData{mx=20}{j})}}{\htmlData{mx=26}{\frac{1}{\htmlData{mx=25}{\htmlData{mx=24}{\htmlData{mx=22}{\operatorname{card}}(\htmlData{mx=23}{J})}}}}}}} \mathrel{\htmlData{mx=38}{=}} \htmlData{mx=37}{\htmlData{mx=32}{\htmlData{mx=31}{\htmlData{mx=29}{\operatorname{card}}(\htmlData{mx=30}{J})}} \cdot \htmlData{mx=36}{\sum_{j} \htmlData{mx=35}{\htmlData{mx=33}{A}(\htmlData{mx=34}{j})}}} \end{aligned}
What the notation means · or point at any symbol
Type
Type: a definition from the library, not special notation. Its name is its meaning; open it in Lean to see how it is defined. (Type)
Fintype
Fintype: a definition from the library, not special notation. Its name is its meaning; open it in Lean to see how it is defined. (Fintype)
f(x)Function application
Fintype applied to J. Lean writes f x; papers write f(x). (Fintype J)
Nonempty
Nonempty: a definition from the library, not special notation. Its name is its meaning; open it in Lean to see how it is defined. (Nonempty)
⟹Implies
If J, then ℝ. (Between types, A → B is the type of functions from A to B.) (J → ℝ)
x : TVariables
A, r range over J → ℝ: the statement must hold for every choice. ((A r : J → ℝ))
∀For all
The statement after the comma holds for every j. (∀ j, A j = Abar)
≤At most
0 is less than or equal to Abar. (0 ≤ Abar)
∑Summation
Add up r(j) for every j. (∑ j, r j)
(x : T)As real numbers
card(J) read as an element of real numbers. Mathematicians leave this implicit; Lean needs it to know which kind of number is meant. ((Fintype.card J : ℝ))
·Multiplication
card(J) times ∑ j, A(j). ((Fintype.card J : ℝ) * ∑ j, A j)
∧And
Both hold: card(J) · (∑ j, A(j)) ≤ (∑ j, A(j)/r(j)), and (∑ j, A(j)/(1/card(J))) = card(J) · (∑ j, A(j)). ((Fintype.card J : ℝ) * ∑ j, A j ≤ ∑ j, …)
card
Fintype.card: a definition from the library, not special notation. Its name is its meaning; open it in Lean to see how it is defined. (Fintype.card)
RReal numbers
The real numbers: every point on the number line. (ℝ)
=Equality
A(j) and Abar are the same. (A j = Abar)
<Less than
0 is strictly smaller than r(j). (0 < r j)
a/bDivision
A(j) divided by r(j). In Lean, dividing by 0 gives 0. (A j / r j)

Instance of the variational cost law for an exchangeable prior (the expected squared mass A_j = E[π_j²] is key-independent): Σ_j A_j/r_j ≥ n·Σ_j A_j for every proposal r, with equality for the uniform proposal. So the blind cost n·E[Σπ²] = n·E[e^{−H₂(π)}] (collision entropy) is not an artefact of uniform sampling: no non-adaptive proposal without side information does better. First-principles reformulation, 2026-10-05.

How it was proved

Proved
5 October 2026
By
Ajax, with the agent “Baguette math & proofs (Claude Code, 2026-10-03)”
Checked by
Lean's kernel (Lean 4.33.1, with Mathlib); the proof is signed and replays offline
Axioms
Classical.choice, Quot.sound, propext
Proof
36 lines of Lean
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