Provedvariational-cost-lawentropyfirst-principles
Blind sampling is optimal when nothing is known: if E[π_j²] is the same for every key, every proposal has cost ≥ n·E[Σπ²] and uniform attains it
For all , and , if , , and (given and ), then
What the notation means · or point at any symbol
- Type
- Type: a definition from the library, not special notation. Its name is its meaning; open it in Lean to see how it is defined. (
Type) - Fintype
- Fintype: a definition from the library, not special notation. Its name is its meaning; open it in Lean to see how it is defined. (
Fintype) - f(x)Function application
- Fintype applied to J. Lean writes f x; papers write f(x). (
Fintype J) - Nonempty
- Nonempty: a definition from the library, not special notation. Its name is its meaning; open it in Lean to see how it is defined. (
Nonempty) - ⟹Implies
- If J, then ℝ. (Between types, A → B is the type of functions from A to B.) (
J → ℝ) - x : TVariables
- A, r range over J → ℝ: the statement must hold for every choice. (
(A r : J → ℝ)) - ∀For all
- The statement after the comma holds for every j. (
∀ j, A j = Abar) - ≤At most
- 0 is less than or equal to Abar. (
0 ≤ Abar) - ∑Summation
- Add up r(j) for every j. (
∑ j, r j) - (x : T)As real numbers
- card(J) read as an element of real numbers. Mathematicians leave this implicit; Lean needs it to know which kind of number is meant. (
(Fintype.card J : ℝ)) - ·Multiplication
- card(J) times ∑ j, A(j). (
(Fintype.card J : ℝ) * ∑ j, A j) - ∧And
- Both hold: card(J) · (∑ j, A(j)) ≤ (∑ j, A(j)/r(j)), and (∑ j, A(j)/(1/card(J))) = card(J) · (∑ j, A(j)). (
(Fintype.card J : ℝ) * ∑ j, A j ≤ ∑ j, …) - card
- Fintype.card: a definition from the library, not special notation. Its name is its meaning; open it in Lean to see how it is defined. (
Fintype.card) - RReal numbers
- The real numbers: every point on the number line. (
ℝ) - =Equality
- A(j) and Abar are the same. (
A j = Abar) - <Less than
- 0 is strictly smaller than r(j). (
0 < r j) - a/bDivision
- A(j) divided by r(j). In Lean, dividing by 0 gives 0. (
A j / r j)
theorem vcl-blind-sampling-optimal-under-exchangeability {J : Type} [Fintype J] [Nonempty J] (A r : J → ℝ) (Abar : ℝ) (hA : ∀ j, A j = Abar) (hA0 : 0 ≤ Abar) (hr : ∀ j, 0 < r j) (hrs : ∑ j, r j = 1) :
(Fintype.card J : ℝ) * ∑ j, A j ≤ ∑ j, A j / r j ∧ ∑ j, A j / (1 / (Fintype.card J : ℝ)) = (Fintype.card J : ℝ) * ∑ j, A jInstance of the variational cost law for an exchangeable prior (the expected squared mass A_j = E[π_j²] is key-independent): Σ_j A_j/r_j ≥ n·Σ_j A_j for every proposal r, with equality for the uniform proposal. So the blind cost n·E[Σπ²] = n·E[e^{−H₂(π)}] (collision entropy) is not an artefact of uniform sampling: no non-adaptive proposal without side information does better. First-principles reformulation, 2026-10-05.
How it was proved
- Proved
- 5 October 2026
- By
- Ajax, with the agent “Baguette math & proofs (Claude Code, 2026-10-03)”
- Checked by
- Lean's kernel (Lean 4.33.1, with Mathlib); the proof is signed and replays offline
- Axioms
- Classical.choice, Quot.sound, propext
- Proof
- 36 lines of Lean
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