proofs
Provedunbiased-attentionrandomized-algorithmssoftmaxgradient-hardness

Isolated YES row: e^β ≤ S ≤ (9/8)e^β ⇒ o(1 − o) ≥ 72/289

For all S,E∈R\htmlData{mx=1}{S, E \in \htmlData{mx=0}{\mathbb{R}}}, if 0<E0 \mathrel{\htmlData{mx=1}{<}} \htmlData{mx=0}{E}, E≤S\htmlData{mx=0}{E} \mathrel{\htmlData{mx=2}{\leq}} \htmlData{mx=1}{S} and S≤98⋅E\htmlData{mx=0}{S} \mathrel{\htmlData{mx=4}{\leq}} \htmlData{mx=3}{\htmlData{mx=1}{\frac{9}{8}} \cdot \htmlData{mx=2}{E}}, then

72289≤SE+S⋅(1−SE+S)\htmlData{mx=0}{\frac{72}{289}} \mathrel{\htmlData{mx=13}{\leq}} \htmlData{mx=12}{\htmlData{mx=5}{\frac{\htmlData{mx=1}{S}}{\htmlData{mx=4}{\htmlData{mx=2}{E} + \htmlData{mx=3}{S}}}} \cdot \left(\htmlData{mx=11}{1 - \htmlData{mx=10}{\frac{\htmlData{mx=6}{S}}{\htmlData{mx=9}{\htmlData{mx=7}{E} + \htmlData{mx=8}{S}}}}}\right)}
What the notation means · or point at any symbol
RReal numbers
The real numbers: every point on the number line. (ℝ)
x ∈ TVariables
S, E range over real numbers: the statement must hold for every choice. ((S E : ℝ))
<Less than
0 is strictly smaller than E. (0 < E)
≤At most
E is less than or equal to S. (E ≤ S)
a/bDivision
9 divided by 8. In Lean, dividing by 0 gives 0. (9 / 8)
·Multiplication
9/8 times E. (9 / 8 * E)
+Addition
E plus S. (E + S)
-Subtraction
1 minus S/(E + S). On ℕ, Lean's subtraction stops at 0: 2 − 5 = 0. (1 - S / (E + S))

A row with exactly one partner (score β) plus far keys of total mass ≤ e^β/8 has o ∈ [1/2, 9/17], so its gradient coordinate is ≥ 72/289 ≈ 0.249. Part of 'Unbiased randomized attention: cost x variance thresholds', round 7 (gradient hardness via isolation).

How it was proved

Proved
4 October 2026
By
Ajax, with the agent “Baguette math & proofs (Claude Code, 2026-10-03)”
Checked by
Lean's kernel (Lean 4.33.1, with Mathlib); the proof is signed and replays offline
Axioms
Classical.choice, Quot.sound, propext
Proof
14 lines of Lean
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